Local independence graphs for composable Markov processes

The concept of local independence is used to define local independence graphs representing the dynamic dependence structure of several continuous time processes which jointly form a so-called composable Markov process. Specific properties of this new class of graphs are discussed such as the role of separating sets. Further insight is gained by considering possible extensions to the discrete time situation. It is shown that the latter case can be reduced to classical graphical interaction models

Maximum Likelihood and Semiparametric Estimation in Logistic Models with Incomplete Covariate Data

Maximum likelihood estimation of regression parameters with incomplete covariate information usually requires a distributional assumption about the concerned covariates which implies a source of misspecification. Semiparametric procedures avoid such assumptions at the expense of efficiency. A simulation study is carried out to get an idea of the performance of the maximum likelihood estimator under misspecification and to compare the semiparametric procedures with the maximum likelihood estimator when the latter is based on a correct assumption

A comparative analysis of graphical interaction and logistic regression modelling: self-care and coping with a chronic illness in later life

Quantitative research especially in the social, but also in the biological sciences has been limited by the availability and applicability of analytic techniques that elaborate interactions among behaviours, treatment effects, and mediating variables. This gap has been filled by a newly developed statistical technique, known as graphical interaction modelling. The merit of graphical models for analyzing highly structured data is explored in this paper by an empirical study on coping with a chronic condition as a function of interrelationships between three sets of factors. These include background factors, illness context factors and four self--care practices. Based on a graphical chain model, the direct and indirect dependencies are revealed and discussed in comparison to the results obtained from a simple logistic regression model ignoring possible interaction effects. Both techniques are introduced from a more tutorial point of view instead of going far into technical details

Maximum Likelihood Estimation in Graphical Models with Missing Values

In this paper we discuss maximum likelihood estimation when some observations are missing in mixed graphical interaction models assuming a conditional Gaussian distribution as introduced by Lauritzen&Wermuth (1989). For the saturated case ML estimation with missing values via the EM algorithm has been proposed by Little&Schluchter (1985). We expand their results to the special restrictions in graphical models and indicate a more efficient way to compute the E--step. The main purpose of the paper is to show that for certain missing patterns the computational effort can considerably be reduced

Modifications of the Bonferroni-Holm procedure for a multi-way ANOVA

This paper aims at constructing stepwise test procedures based on the Bonferroni-Holm principle for a multi-way ANOVA. Especially for the two-way ANOVA it is shown, that the procedures keep the multiple level alpha. These theoretical results are supplemented by a simulation study to compare the multiple procedures regarding two power concepts and to learn about which of the introduced procedures is the best

Ignorability for general longitudinal data

Likelihood factors that can be disregarded for inference are termed ignorable. We demonstrate that close ties exist between ignorability and identification of causal effects by covariate adjustment. A graphical condition, stability, plays a role analogous to that of missingness at random, but is applicable to general longitudinal data. Our formulation of ignorability does not depend on any notion of missing data, so is appealing in situations where missing data may not actually exist. Several examples illustrate how stability may be assessed

A Fixed-Target ExpeRiment at the LHC (AFTER@LHC) : luminosities, target polarisation and a selection of physics studies

We report on a future multi-purpose fixed-target experiment with the proton or lead ion LHC beams extracted by a bent crystal. The multi-TeV LHC beams allow for the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever performed. Such an experiment, tentatively named AFTER for "A Fixed-Target ExperRiment", gives access to new domains of particle and nuclear physics complementing that of collider experiments, in particular at RHIC and at the EIC projects. The instantaneous luminosity at AFTER using typical targets surpasses that of RHIC by more than 3 orders of magnitude. Beam extraction by a bent crystal offers an ideal way to obtain a clean and very collimated high-energy beam, without decreasing the performance of the LHC. The fixed-target mode also has the advantage of allowing for spin measurements with a polarised target and for an access over the full backward rapidity domain up to xF ~ - 1. Here, we elaborate on the reachable luminosities, the target polarisation and a selection of measurements with hydrogen and deuterium targets.Comment: 6 pages. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quarks and Nuclear Physics QNP2012 (16-20 April 2012, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau,France

Spin physics at A Fixed-Target ExpeRiment at the LHC (AFTER@LHC)

We outline the opportunities for spin physics which are offered by a next generation and multi-purpose fixed-target experiment exploiting the proton LHC beam extracted by a bent crystal. In particular, we focus on the study of single transverse spin asymetries with the polarisation of the target.Comment: Contributed to the 20th International Spin Physics Symposium, SPIN2012, 17-22 September 2012, Dubna, Russia, 4 pages, LaTe

Prospectives for A Fixed-Target ExpeRiment at the LHC: AFTER@LHC

We argue that the concept of a multi-purpose fixed-target experiment with the proton or lead-ion LHC beams extracted by a bent crystal would offer a number of ground-breaking precision-physics opportunities. The multi-TeV LHC beams will allow for the most energetic fixed-target experiments ever performed. The fixed-target mode has the advantage of allowing for high luminosities, spin measurements with a polarised target, and access over the full backward rapidity domain --uncharted until now-- up to x_F ~ -1.Comment: 6 pages, 1 table, LaTeX. Proceedings of the 36th International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP2012), 4-11 July 2012, Melbourne, Australi

Lowering the Light Speed Isotropy Limit: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility Measurements

The measurement of the Compton edge of the scattered electrons in GRAAL facility in European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in Grenoble with respect to the Cosmic Microwave Background dipole reveals up to 10 sigma variations larger than the statistical errors. We now show that the variations are not due to the frequency variations of the accelerator. The nature of Compton edge variations remains unclear, thus outlining the imperative of dedicated studies of light speed anisotropy